U.S. Work and Labor
Please read the general instructions on Canvas as well as the guidelines below.
In this exam, you will write a short essay addressing the underlined question at the top of each
page. The pages are color coded. Thus you will write three essays. There are: Green Page, Red
Page, and Blue Page. Each page focuses historical issues with which you should be familiar. The
comments and additional questions below the underlined exam question on each page are
simply to assist you in focusing your essay response. You do not need to include all comments
and reflections on the color-coded question the page. Your short essay will answer the
underlined question at the top.
We have posted information on these historical issues in the Modules section of our Canvas
site; however, you are always welcome to bring additional, relevant information from other
sources that you feel are pertinent to your short essay. You are not required to use sources
outside our Canvas site. You will cite all sources upon which you rely for support.
There is no time limit. The exam is due by 11:59 p.m. on March 29th.
Each of the three short essays should be about 250 words (usually about one page). You should
use the APA format for in-text citations within your essays. You will also provide a Works Cited
page at the end of the exam (after the three essays) listing the all the web sites, articles, books,
and other sources that you have quoted.
Be sure to review the rubric that I have included on the Canvas page devoted to the Mid-Term
Exam. The rubric emphasizes that: 1. you are expressing an opinion on the question raised by
the exam and 2. You are providing support (evidence) and reasoning to justify your opinion.
The purpose of this exam is for you to learn how to express a cogent opinion on an historical
problem that is relevant today.
Please contact me if you have any questions about the Exam.
Thanks for your attention and diligent work!
Dr. Lavin
610-724-1404 (Text or talk)
Green Page
Health Care Workers, How were they valued then and now?
“The Wound Dresser” (from Leaves of Grass)
By Walt Whitman, American Poet (1819 – 1892)
Bearing the bandages, water and sponge,
Straight and swift to my wounded I go
Where they lie on the ground after the battle brought in,
Where their priceless blood reddens the grass, the ground
Or to the rows of the hospital tent, or under the roofed hospital;
To the long rows of cots, up and down, each side I return;
To each and all, one after another, I draw near, not one do I miss;
An attendant follows, holding a tray; he carries a refuse pail
Soon to be filled with clotted rags and blood, emptied and filled again.
I onward go, I stop.
With hinged knees and steady hand to dress wounds;
I am firm with each, the pangs are sharp and unavoidable;
One turns to me his appealing eyes – poor boy, I never knew you!
Yet I think I could not refuse this moment to die for you, if that would save you. (1865)
Whitman was an “ambulance driver” during the Civil War. Thus, his poem, The
Wound-Dresser, is written from within the responsibilities, the emotions, and the
observations of a health care worker.
What is the attitude of the worker here toward the job of caregiving? And what
connections do you discern between this health care worker in the 1865 and health
care workers in the year 2021?
What protections appear (from the poem’s description) to exist for Whitman’s
speaker and his assistant?
What historic role do service workers play in society?
Are health care workers historically recognized?
Given everything essential workers have faced this past year, are health care
workers receiving care and treatment to protect themselves and their families?
Give examples of why or why not?
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